ABSTRACT Several research lines are required to ensure a proper disposal of sewage sludge in Brazil; among them, we may highlight agricultural use. In this sense, this study aimed at assessing the effect of exchanging nitrogen sourcing via conventional fertilization (chemical) with growing doses of composted sewage sludge (CSS) on wheat crop performance. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and ten replications, being defined as T0 (control – without fertilization); T1 (100% mineral fertilization); T2 (50% mineral + 50% CSS); T3, T4, T5, and T6 (100, 150, 200, and 250% nitrogen fertilizing from CSS). Results showed that the use of CSS increased wheat production and development, therefore enhancing its performance. Thus, exchanging mineral fertilization with CSS application raised wheat yields.

Neste trabalho se propôs avaliar o efeito da aplicação do lodo de esgoto durante dois anos sucessivos, na cultura do girassol e seu efeito residual na produtividade do trigo e triticale. Trabalhou-se durante dois anos consecutivos com a cultura do girassol semeando-se, após a colheita do segundo ano, o trigo e o triticale sem aplicação de lodo de esgoto. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados constituído por 6 tratamentos e 5 repetições: T0 - sem adubação com nitrogênio; T1 - adubação química nitrogenada de acordo com a necessidade de cultura; T2 - 50% adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto e 50% na forma da adubação química, em cobertura; T3 - 100% da adubação nitrogenada do recomendado pela cultura, proveniente do lodo de esgoto; T4 - 150% da adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto e T5 - 200% da adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto. No girassol o lodo de esgoto proporcionou maior rendimento de grãos e de óleo no acumulado dos dois anos de aplicação sem, no entanto, interferir no teor de óleo, no triticale não interferiu no rendimento de grãos enquanto no trigo o melhor tratamento foi o de 150% da dose de N proveniente do lodo de esgoto.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of factors of production within two years of application of sewage sludge on sunflower and its residual effect on productivity of wheat and triticale. The study was conducted for two consecutive years with sunflower cultivation and after harvest of the second year wheat and triticale were sown without the application of sewage sludge fertilization. The experimental design of randomize blocks was adopted consisting of six treatments and five repetitions: T0 - without nitrogen fertilization; T1 - chemical nitrogen in accordance with Technical Buletin 100. (100% N chemical fertilizers), T2 - 50% Nitrogen from sewage sludge and 50% in the form of chemical fertilizer, top dressing, T3 - 100% of nitrogen recommended for the crop, from sewage sludge, T4 - 150% of nitrogen from sewage sludge; T5 - 200% of nitrogen from sewage sludge. In the sunflower the sewage sludge promoted a higher grain yield and yield of oil accumulated in the two years of application and did not affect the oil content. In triticale the combination of residual effect of two years with sludge and mineral N fertilization resulted in a greater number of plants and a higher yield. In wheat the best treatment was 150% of the dose of N from sewage sludge residual effect of two applications in sunflower.

Dentre as diversas alternativas de disposição final de lodo de esgoto no Brasil, o uso agrícola se destaca por sua economicidade e adequação ambiental. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do lodo de esgoto compostado e do N nos parâmetros produtivos do girassol, após a sexta aplicação de lodo de esgoto em diferentes doses. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, SP, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu,SP. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados constituídos por 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições, assim definidos: T0 - sem adubação nitrogenada; T1 - adubação química nitrogenada de acordo com a recomendação da cultura; T2 - 50% adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto e 50% na forma mineral; T3 - 100% adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto; T4 - 150% adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto; T5 - 200% adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto. O aumento da dose de lodo de esgoto e o N proporcionaram um aumento no rendimento de grãos, de óleo e de matéria seca. O N influenciou no aumento de peso de mil grãos.

In Brazil, among the various alternatives for final disposal of sewage sludge, agricultural use is notable for its economy and environmental compatibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of composted sewage sludge and N parameters on sunflower production after the sixth application of sewage sludge in different doses. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm São Manuel-SP, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu-SP. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, consisting of six treatments and four replications defined as follows: T0 - without nitrogen fertilization; T1 - chemical nitrogen fertilizer in accordance with the recommendation for the crop; T2 - 50% nitrogen derived from sewage sludge and 50% in mineral form; T3 - 100% nitrogen from sewage sludge; T4 - 150% nitrogen from sewage sludge; T5 - 200% nitrogen from sewage sludge. Increasing the dose of sewage sludge and N provided an increase in grain yield, oil and dry matter. The N influenced the increase in the weight of thousand grans.

Resumo Este trabalho engloba o propósito de se avaliar o efeito de formas de aplicação e níveis de lodo de esgoto na produção de fitomassa seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de mamoneira. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, com quatro repetições. Aplicou-se o lodo de esgoto proveniente da Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos ETE-SABESP-Jundiaí, São Paulo, na superfície, incorporado em 25, 50, 75 e 100% ao volume de solo, durante o período de 50 dias de desenvolvimento da cultura, nas quantidades correspondentes a 5, 10, 20, 40 e 80 Mg ha-1, base úmida. A unidade experimental foi constituída por vasos com 4dm3 de amostra de um Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico. Para produção de fitomassa seca e acúmulo de N, K, Ca, Mg e S por planta de mamona não houve interação significativa de níveis de lodo de esgoto adicionados e formas de aplicação. As formas de aplicação aumentaram, de maneira significativa, o acúmulo de macronutrientes e produção de fitomassa seca nas plantas de mamona.

Abstract This research had the purpose of evaluating the effect of forms of application and levels of sewage sludge in the production of dry matter and the macronutrient accumulation in castor bean plants. The experimental study was performed in a 5 x 5 factorial randomized block design, with four replications. The sewage sludge obtained from the Station of Treatment of Sewage ETE-SABESP- in Jundiaí, São Paulo was applied on the surface, incorporated to 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the soil volume during a period of 50 days of crep development in amounts corresponding to 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, (wet-basis. The experimental unit was made up of pots with 4dm3 of sample of a Nitossol Red eutrophic. For the production of dry matter and the accumulation of N, K, Ca, Mg and S in castor bean plant, there was no significant interaction between added levels of sewage sludge and application forms. The application forms significantly increased the macronutrients accumulation and the production of dry matter in castor bean plants.